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Acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. It is often triggered by certain foods, medications, obesity, stress, or a hiatal hernia. Managing acid reflux involves lifestyle changes such as eating smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods, and elevating the head during sleep, along with medications like antacids, H2 blockers, or proton pump inhibitors. Knowing your gut type, taking probiotics, and making dietary changes are steps you can take to maintain a healthy gut bacteria balance.
Acne is a common skin condition characterised by the presence of pimples, blackheads, and cysts, primarily affecting the face, back, and shoulders. Acne occurs when pores in the skin become blocked, often due to a substance called sebum produced by glands in the hair follicles. Sebum normally helps keep the skin moisturised and water-resistant, but too much sebum can cause acne. When pores become blocked, they may become inflamed or infected, creating red bumps on the skin. While getting spots is normal, acne is more severe and can be painful and impact self-esteem. The types of spots include blackheads, whiteheads, pustules, and cysts. Acne is triggered by hormonal changes during puberty, the menstrual cycle, or pregnancy. While acne can be embarrassing, especially at a young age, it can also cause scarring.
Altitude sickness occurs when one ascends to high altitudes too quickly, leading to symptoms such as headache, nausea, dizziness, and fatigue. It is caused by the body’s inability to adjust to lower oxygen levels at high elevations. Symptoms of altitude sickness usually occur between 6 and 24 hours after reaching altitudes of 8,000 feet or more above sea level. If a person stays at high altitudes for an extended period of time, they may begin to develop chronic altitude sickness.
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. It is common, although not fully understood. Triggers include allergens, exercise, cold air, and respiratory infections. While there is no cure for asthma, there are several treatments and simple advice on how to manage this long-term condition.
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It can infect both men and women and is spread through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person. Chlamydia is one of the most frequently reported bacterial STIs in many countries and is particularly common among sexually active teenagers and young adults. Most people with chlamydia are unaware they have it and do not notice any symptoms. However, if left untreated, chlamydia can cause serious complications.